Croaker
LOCATIONS
BODIES OF WATER
Croaker can be found in various bodies of water in the South/Gulf region, particularly along the Gulf of Mexico coastline. They inhabit nearshore and inshore waters, including bays, estuaries, channels, and near jetties. The following bodies of water are known for their croaker populations:
Alabama: Gulf of Mexico, Mobile Bay, Dauphin Island.
Louisiana: Gulf of Mexico, Chandeleur Islands, Breton Sound.
Mississippi: Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Sound, Horn Island.
Texas: Gulf of Mexico, Galveston Bay, Padre Island National Seashore.
STRUCTURE/HABITAT
Croaker prefer habitats with specific structures that provide cover and access to food sources. They can be found near sandy or muddy bottoms, oyster reefs, seagrass beds, and areas with tidal flow. Look for them in estuaries, bays, and channels where they feed on small crustaceans and baitfish.
In addition, croaker are often found near jetties and piers, as these structures attract baitfish and provide shelter for croaker. They are commonly encountered in areas with moderate tidal movement, as they rely on the current to bring food within reach.
PATTERNS
SPRING
During the spring, croaker begin their migration into shallower waters to feed and spawn. They can be found in estuaries and nearshore areas, particularly around oyster reefs and seagrass beds. They are opportunistic feeders and will strike a variety of baits and lures. Using live shrimp, small baitfish, or soft plastic lures can be effective during this time.
SUMMER
In the summer months, croaker are abundant in coastal waters. They tend to move into deeper channels and near jetties, where the water is cooler and the current is stronger. Fishing near drop-offs and areas with structure can yield good results. Natural baits such as shrimp, cut bait, or squid are commonly used to target croaker during this season.
FALL
As fall arrives, croaker continue to feed actively in preparation for the winter months. They may move back into shallower waters and can be found near oyster reefs and grass beds. Look for areas with a mix of sandy and muddy bottoms, as these provide ideal feeding grounds for croaker. Live or cut bait presentations, such as shrimp or mullet, are effective in enticing strikes.
WINTER
During the winter, croaker tend to migrate to deeper channels and holes where the water temperature is more stable. They become less active and may feed less frequently. Fishing with patience and using natural baits, such as shrimp or cut bait, can still yield catches during this season. Focus on deeper areas with structure, such as jetties or channels, and be prepared to wait for the bite.
Bait
Croaker are known to be opportunistic feeders and will strike a variety of baits. Common bait options include live shrimp, small baitfish, cut bait (such as squid or mullet), and even artificial lures designed to mimic small fish or shrimp. Experiment with different bait presentations to find what works best in your fishing location.
Techniques
Bait Fishing
How: Croaker are known to be bottom feeders, so fishing with bait near the seafloor is effective. Use fresh or live bait such as shrimp, bloodworms, squid, or small pieces of cut bait. Cast out your bait and let it rest on the bottom, or use a slow retrieve to entice croaker to bite.
Gear: Rods: Light to medium spinning rods. Reels: 2000-3000 size spinning reels. Line: 8-12lb test monofilament or fluorocarbon. Hooks: Size 4-6 bait hooks. Sinkers: Split shot or small egg sinkers to keep your bait near the bottom.
Artificial Lures
How: While croaker are primarily targeted with bait, they can also be caught on artificial lures. Opt for small soft plastic grubs, swimbaits, or small jigs that mimic small baitfish or shrimp. Cast your lure near structures, sandbars, or drop-offs and experiment with different retrieval speeds and techniques to attract croaker.
Gear: Rods: Light to medium spinning rods. Reels: 2000-3000 size spinning reels. Line: 8-12lb test monofilament or fluorocarbon. Lures: Small soft plastic grubs, swimbaits, or jigs.