Shad
LOCATIONS
BODIES OF WATER
Shad can be found in various bodies of water throughout the Mid Atlantic region, including rivers, estuaries, and bays. They are anadromous fish, meaning they migrate from the ocean to freshwater rivers and tributaries for spawning.
Maryland: Chesapeake Bay, Potomac River, Patapsco River, Susquehanna River, Wicomico River.
Virginia: Chesapeake Bay, James River, Rappahannock River, York River, Appomattox River.
West Virginia: Ohio River, Kanawha River, Monongahela River, Greenbrier River, New River.
Delaware: Delaware Bay, Delaware River, Christina River, Appoquinimink River, Nanticoke River.
North Carolina: Neuse River, Cape Fear River, Tar River, Roanoke River, Chowan River.
South Carolina: Santee River, Cooper River, Waccamaw River, Pee Dee River, Broad River.
STRUCTURE/HABITAT
Shad are migratory fish that primarily inhabit open water during their oceanic phase. However, during their freshwater spawning phase, they prefer areas with moderate currents and suitable spawning grounds. They can be found near riverbanks, in deep pools, and around submerged structures.
Look for them near river confluences, sandbars, and gravel beds, as these are common spawning areas. Shad also tend to congregate near bridges, docks, and other structures that break the current. They are often found in schools, so targeting areas with active fish can lead to success.
PATTERNS
SPRING
During the spring, shad migrate upstream in large numbers for spawning. Look for them in rivers and tributaries, particularly in areas with moderate currents and suitable spawning grounds. Shad tend to move in schools and can be targeted using cast nets or specialized shad darts.
SUMMER
In the summer, shad disperse throughout their range and can be found in various parts of rivers and reservoirs. Look for them in deeper sections near river channels, bends, and submerged structures. Trolling or drift fishing with small lures or jigs can be effective during this season.
FALL
As fall arrives, shad begin to move back downstream, following the changing water conditions. Look for them near the mouths of rivers, confluences, or areas with good water flow. Shad may also be more active near the surface during this time, making them accessible to fly fishing or surface lures.
WINTER
During the winter months, shad tend to gather in deeper sections of rivers and reservoirs, seeking warmer water. Look for them near areas with thermal discharges or where warmer tributaries enter the main body of water. Vertical jigging or slow presentations with small lures can be effective during the colder months.
Bait
Shad primarily feed on small organisms, including plankton, insects, and tiny fish. When targeting shad, popular bait options include small jigs, darts, or flies that mimic their natural prey. Cast nets can also be used to catch shad in large numbers. Additionally, shad can be attracted to chumming techniques involving finely ground fish meal or bread crumbs.